Project T.A.H.I.T.I. (Terrestrialized Alien Host Integrative Tissue I) was a secret S.H.I.E.L.D. project ordered by Nick Fury and overseen by Agent Phil Coulson. Its purpose was to develop a way to heal a mortally wounded Avenger.
The project involved using preserved tissue from the deceased Kree corpse code-named G.H. to heal mortal wounds. The tissue was discovered to have potent regenerative properties.
Trials showed the process could heal catastrophic injuries, but had severe psychological side effects, with test subjects demonstrating psychotic behavior, hypergraphia, and a need to carve specific symbols. Memory replacement was needed to manage the side effects.
Agent Coulson, despite recommending the project be shut down due to the risks, was resurrected using the T.A.H.I.T.I. process after his death in the Battle of New York, with his memories altered.
The existence of Project T.A.H.I.T.I. is a closely guarded S.H.I.E.L.D secret. The project's true nature is known only to Director Fury and a handful of high-level agents.